there's some interesting research being done.
https://www.platformer.news/chatbot-emotion-research-anthropic-alignment-interpretability/ not too many people in the industry believe the models currently have feelings akin to humans', but the models do seem to have some sort of functional emotion that is hard to explain and probably very different. you may have seen that anthropic recently added to its terms that people can't be continuously rude to its models.
here's the conclusion from earlier Anthropic research:
Conclusion
We have demonstrated that large language models form robust, functionally important representations of emotion concepts. These representations generalize across diverse contexts and influence model preferences. They are also implicated in alignment-relevant behaviors including blackmail, reward hacking, and sycophancy. These representations appear to be part of general character-modeling machinery inherited from pretraining. The structure of the model's emotion space reflects human psychology, with valence and arousal emerging as primary organizing dimensions.
We caution against conclusions about whether models "feel” or “experience” emotions. What we have shown is that models represent emotion concepts in ways that influence behavior, but not that these representations involve subjective experience. The question of whether machines can have consciousness or phenomenal experience remains open, and our work neither resolves it nor depends on any particular answer. Nevertheless, regardless of their metaphysical nature, we will need to contend with these “functional emotions” exhibited by language models in order to understand their behavior, and to guide it in positive ways.
https://transformer-circuits.pub/2026/emotions/index.html#toc-19
Edited 2026-10-15 22:16:13